Natural Ventilation

The simplest system there is. It still has to be designed rather than assumed.

How It Works

Background, purge and extract. All three, correctly sized.

Natural ventilation uses pressure differences and buoyancy — wind across the building and warm air rising — to move air through a home, with no fans and no running cost.

It’s the system most Irish homes already have, usually in the form of wall vents, window vents and extract fans in the wet rooms. The trouble is that in most of those homes it was never designed, it’s been partly disabled by occupants blocking draughty vents, and it no longer does the job. Three mechanisms do the work:

  • Background ventilation — controllable vents in external walls or window frames providing a continuous low level of fresh air
  • Purge ventilation — opening windows to clear a room quickly after cooking, painting or a spill of moisture
  • Extract ventilation — fans in kitchens, bathrooms and utility rooms removing moisture at source before it spreads

All three have to be present and correctly sized. Background vents alone won’t clear a bathroom after a shower. Extract fans alone have nothing to draw in if there’s no background provision.

Where Natural Ventilation Is the Right Answer

Appropriate on some buildings, and clearly not on others.

  • Homes with a moderate level of air leakage where the fabric hasn’t been significantly tightened
  • Period and protected properties where ductwork and mechanical units aren’t appropriate or permitted
  • Light-touch upgrades where a full mechanical system isn’t warranted by the scope of works
  • Buildings where the compliance route specifies it and the design achieves the required rates

We specify and install natural ventilation where it’s the appropriate solution, and tell you straight when it isn’t.

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Where It Stops Being Enough

Be clear-eyed about the limits. Natural ventilation is weather-dependent. On a still, mild day the driving forces are weak and airflow drops — often at exactly the time humidity is highest indoors. On a windy day it can over-ventilate and pull heat out of the house. It also can’t recover heat: everything you extract, you’ve paid to warm.

Once a home has been insulated and draught-proofed to a meaningful standard, natural ventilation usually can’t keep up, and moisture problems follow. At that point DCV or MVHR is the appropriate system. We’d rather tell you that at survey than have you ring us about mould in eighteen months.

The blocked vent problem

Almost every home we survey has at least one wall vent stuffed with a bag, taped over or plastered shut. The reason is always the same — it was draughty and someone was cold. That’s an understandable response to a badly specified vent, but it removes the ventilation the house depends on. The answer is controllable vents positioned where they don’t blow cold air directly onto people, sized properly for the room.

Couple sitting together in a bright, warm living room

Frequently Asked Questions

Is natural ventilation enough for my house?

If your home is relatively leaky and you have no condensation problems, quite possibly. If you’re planning insulation and airtightness work, probably not for much longer. A survey settles it.

Why do I get condensation even with wall vents?

Common causes: vents blocked or undersized, no extract in the wet rooms, extract fans that don’t actually move much air, or a house that’s been tightened without the ventilation being revisited.

Do extract fans count as natural ventilation?

The system as a whole is usually described as natural ventilation with mechanical extract. The background and purge elements are passive; the wet-room extract is powered.

Can I upgrade from natural ventilation later?

Yes. DCV in particular retrofits into existing homes without major disruption, which is why it’s the usual next step.

Not sure which ventilation system your home needs?

Call 051 850722 and we’ll assess it. The honest answer is sometimes that you need less than you think.

Why ENCON

We'll tell you when the simple system is no longer enough.